*ḳdš - sacred (HALOT 1066)

Akkadian

ḳuddušu - to make ritually clean, to purify (CAD Q 46; AHw. 891)

cf. ḳašdu ‘holy’ (CAD Q 146; AHw. 906); ḳadištu ‘a woman of special status’ (CAD Q 48; AHw. 891)

Ebla

ga-ti-šum /ḳadišum/ - sacred (VE 100, Kogan–Krebernik 2021b: 684)

Ugaritic

ḳdš - holy (DUL 685)

Phoenician

ḳdš - holy (DNWSI 995)

Hebrew

ḳādōš - holy, consecrated (HALOT 1066)

Official Aramaic

ḳdš - shrine (DNWSI 994–5)

Palmyrean

ḳdš - holy (DNWSI 995)

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic

ḳdš - (pa.) to sanctify, betroth, dedicate (DJPA 477)

Christian Palestinian Aramaic

ḳdš - (pa.) to purify, to sanctify (DCPA 175)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic

ḳdš - to become sacred, consecrated (DJBA 987)

Syriac

ḳdš - (pa.) to sanctify, deem holy (LSyr. 649)

Mandaic

ḳdš - (pa.) to sanctify (MD 405)

Being used only in derision of Jewish and Christian religious phraseology, the root acquired an opposite meaning ‘to be sinful, godless’.

Arabic

qds - II. to sanctify, consecrate, purify (BK 2 687, Lane 2497)

Sabaic

ḳds₁ - holy (SD 104)

Geez

ḳaddasa - to sanctify, declare holy, perform sacred offices, celebrate Mass (CDG 422)

Tigre

ḳäddäsa - to sanctify, hallow (WTS 260)

Tigrinya

ḳäddäsä - to sanctify, to consecrate, to celebrate Mass (TED 1039)

Amharic

ḳäddäsä - to sanctify, to celebrate Mass, to purify (AED 821)

Chaha

ḳəddase - Mass (EDG 473)

Ezha

ḳəddase - Mass (EDG 473)

Endegen

ḳəddāse - Mass (EDG 473)

Ennemor

ḳəddāse - Mass (EDG 473)

Muher

ḳiddäsä - to celebrate Mass (EDG 473)

Gogot

ḳəddus - holy (EDG 473)

Soddo

ḳiddäsä - to celebrate Mass (EDG 473)