Reconstructions Search

likely represents an extension of a Lallwort for “father,” still preserved in Ugaritic as ˀad
hard to decide whether the element *ˀad- is an independent Canaanite formation or an early loanword from a non-Semitic source, cf. Hit. atta- (Friedrich 38), Hur. attai (Laroche 63), Sum. ad(-da) (PSD A₃ 9, with several orthographic variants). At any rate, both the extension in -ān- and the (presumably derived) meaning “lord” must be regarded as PC innovations (Garbini 1984:94). Although one cannot exclude that *-ān- is an adaptation of the Hurrian determinate form attani (cf. Sanmartín 1977:271)

Cf. perhaps Tna. ˀaddärä ‘to heap up, to amass, to collect’ (TED 1530), which would point to PWS *ˀdr ‘to be massive.’ In DRS 10, PC *ˀdr is compared to Arb. ˀudrat- ‘scrotal hernia’

The combination of ˀ and h as root consonants, nearly impossible in Semitic verbal roots (Greenberg 1950:168), makes one think of a secondary origin for one of the gutturals. An extension of the biconsonantal element *ˀb ‘to wish, to desire’ is thus possible (with DRS 10). Cf., alternatively, Arb. hbb ‘to groan before copulation (a buck),’ tentatively compared to Hbr. ˀhb in Zaborski 1971:65. The root does not seem to be attested in Aramaic

Cf. perhaps (with DRS 23) Arb. ˀmḍ ‘to be strongly resolved’ It is also tempting to compare Akk. emēṣu ‘to be hungry’, assuming the meaning shift “strength” > “hardship, hunger” illustrated by Akk. dannatu ‘hunger’ < dannu ‘hard, strong’

As suggested in BDB 19 (contrast DRS 12‒13) - probably related to Arb. ˀwn ‘to be at ease, to enjoy a life of ease and tranquility; to be grave, steady, calm’. Gez. taˀayyana ‘to live well and comfortably’ must belong to the same root

meaning shift “vessel” > “ship,” abundantly documented elsewhere in the world’s languages, could be considered exclusively Canaanite, but cf. Arb. mīnāˀ- ‘port’, plausibly derivable from *mi-ˀnāw- (v. Maizel 1983:231). For numerous Indo-European precedents v. Buck 1949:727. In Semitic, cf. Hbr. kəlī ‘vessel; ship, boat’

probably goes back to the verbal root *pny ‘to turn’ (Hbr. pānā), with a well-attested semantic shift (Buck 1949:724‒725) and an (admittedly unusual) ˀV-prefixation

as suggested by HALOT 79 and DRS 29, may be borrowed from Akk. apsû ‘cosmic subterranean water’, in its turn going back to Sum. abzu.

may be related to Heb ˀrb - to lie in ambush

may be related to Arb. ˀyn ‘to be fatigued, tired’. Cf. perhaps Tna. ˀinto,ˀinta ‘curse, punishment; lack, deficiency; fault, error’